Atoms,+Bonding,+and+the+Periodic+Table+2

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 * 1. || Atoms and Bonding ||
 * 2. || Periodic Table ||
 * 3. || Work Cited ||

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An atom is made up of neutrons and protons. The protons are positive and the neutrons are nagative. Everything is made up of atoms and atoms can not be seen with the human eyes. Atoms contain an equal number of electrically charged protons and electrons and a number of nutrally charged neutrons.

Valance electrons are the electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions.



With an electron dot diagram each valance electron is represented with a dot; it includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots. A covalent bond is shown by two or more dot diagrams sharing an electron. An ionic bond is shown when two or more dot diagrams give or take an electron.

Covalent Bond

Ionic Bond


 * [[image:http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid55/Image/VLObject-1336-030204010220.jpg width="105" height="103" caption="sodium metal"]] || ** + ** || [[image:http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid55/Image/VLObject-1394-030226020256.jpg width="90" height="93" caption="chlorine gas"]] || [[image:http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid55/Image/VLObject-488-021202021211.gif width="21" height="17" align="center" caption="arrow"]] || [[image:http://www.visionlearning.com/library/modules/mid55/Image/VLObject-1393-030226020245.jpg width="100" height="93" caption="salt&shaker"]] ||
 * sodium metal ||  || chlorine gas ||   || table salt ||

A bond is the force of attractions that holds elements together, due to the rearrangement of the electrons before them. The number of valance electrons in an atom of an element determines many properties of the element including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.

media type="custom" key="6123219" The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the chemical elemets according to their atomic number (atomic weight) so that elements with similar chemical properties are in the same column. Scientists have created or discovered around 111 elements to date.

There were two scientists that greatly simplified our knowledge of the way atoms behave chemically; their names were a Russian chemist Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleve (1834-1907) and a German physicist Julius Lothar Meyer (1830-1895). Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleve Julius Lothar Meyer media type="custom" key="6131781" width="100" height="104" A period is a row of elements across the periodic table. A group or family is a column of elements in the periodic table. An atomic number is the number in the top left corner of the box that the element is in, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. There are symbols usually consisting of one or two letters. As the nuimber of protons or atomic number increases the number of electrons also increases as a result the properties of the element changed in a regular way across a period.



Challoner, Jack. //The Visual Dictionary of Chemistry//. United States: DK INC, 1996. Print.

Stwerlka, Albert. //The World of Atoms and Quarks//. New York, NY: Whitesid Ltd, 1995. Print.

Little, John G. //Chemical Interactions Science Explorer//. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Person Education, Inc, 2009. Print.