Atoms,+Bonding,+and+the+Periodic+Table

** Valence Electrons and Bonding **

 * Valence electrons are the electrons that have the highest energy level held most loosely. The number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines many properties of that element, including the ways the atom can bond with other atoms (Frank, Miller, and Little).**


 * Elements ha[[image:http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/images/9-Fluorine.jpg width="167" height="183" align="left" caption="("9-Fluorine")" link="http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/images/9-Fluorine.jpg"]]ve a certain number ranging from 1 to 8. Electron dot diagram- Includes the symbol for the element surrounded by dots, each dot stands for one valence electron (Frank, Miller, and Little).**

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 * The elements do not easily form compounds. Most atoms are more stable and less likely to react when they have eight valence electrons. A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of the electrons between them (Frank, Miller, and Little).** **When atoms bond, electrons may be transferred from one atom to another, or they may be shared between the atoms. The changes results in a chemical reactions that is, when new chemicals form (Frank, Miller, and Little).**======

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** The Periodic Table **

 * The ways that elements are organized gives you an important information about the arrangement of the electrons in their atoms. If you know that valence electrons that the atoms of different elements have, you a clue which elements combined (Frank, Miller, and Little).**


 * Atomic numbers are the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Symbols for each element usually consist of one or two letters.** T**he elements in the periodic table are categorized as metals, non metals or metalloids. A period in the periodic table is a row of elements that are listed across the periodic table. Hydrogen and helium make up the first period in the periodic table. As you move across the period you will notice that the atomic numbers increase from left to right. Since we no that the number of protons equal the number of electrons it is true that the number of electrons increases as well. A group is a column of elements in the periodic table. A group is also known as a family. There are numbers at the top of each family that identify the group to which the elements belong (Frank,Miller, and Little).**


 * The periodic table is based on an atom's structure' specifically the arrangement of the electrons. As the atomic number (number of protons) increase, the number of electrons does as well. Because of this, the properties of the elements change in a regular way across each period. " The Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleyev created his periodic table in 1869 while preparing a chemistry textbook for his students." " The table indicates major classes of elements."**("Element,Chemical" 219)

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**References**
" The Periodic Table." A Guide to the Elements. 1996 ed. "The periodic table of elements." //World Book//. 2007. 6. Chicago: World Book Inc, 2007. Print //Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table//. Upper Saddle, New Jersey: Person Eudcation Inc, 2009. 12-20. Print